Phillip D. Palmer Essays - Conservatism In The United States

Phillip D. Palmer Texas Government 2306 Professor Bailey July 19, 2015 Phillip D. Palmer's Political Ideology In my own words I am going to explain what a solid liberal means to me. Now even though the political typology quiz that we had to take online says that I am a "Solid Liberal" I don't believe that in reality I'm as liberal as most of the other members Democratic Party. I am religious man. I am a licensed and ordained minister of the Gospel of Christ Jesus. With that being said, some of the liberal views of this day and time I totally disagree with it because of my Christian beliefs. The social acceptance of same sex marriage is a big topic right now. Governor Greg Abbott passed a bill that protects the ministers, preachers, and pastors from not getting reprimanded for standing from on their beliefs that marriage is to solely be between a man and a woman. On the lighter side of things, I am very liberal when it comes down to the government helping the middle and lower class by providing health insurance and government assistance programs such as W.I.C., Food Stamps, daycare programs, tax breaks, etc. So I truly say that I am a solid liberal or a steadfast conservative. I consider myself to be close to the middle but still more liberal than conservative. The state agency of Parks and Wildlife is one that I've personally used before. My family and I go camping often and we try and switch us our campsites every few years. There are so many state parks in Texas that we have used this site to get information on all of them. Each park has its own set of rules and guidelines concerning camping. This website gives us great insight on the natural resources, camp space, and also the history of the park as well.

More than a Rose †English Literature Essay

More than a Rose – English Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers More than a Rose English Literature Essay Society has a way of determining what it wants people to be. To an extent certain ethnic or racial groups are told by society that they aren’t to have certain jobs or live certain places. Television and movies hardly ever show black doctors living in Beverly Hills. There are rarely white men who challenge for the heavyweight boxing title, and even fewer women in each of those categories. In the same way, a person’s family might put a mindset into that person just because of what that family is. Some of these alien sources can be changed and some will probably always have a negative influence on people. These factors affect the way a person is perceived and how that person behaves. In William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, a town gives its account of one of its oldest citizens. The town expresses a dislike for Miss Emily Grierson when actually all of Emily’s problems come from sources alien to her. The first source of Emily’s problems lies in the town itself. The town causes the beginning of Emily’s problems by granting her the right to not have to pay taxes. The town says that Miss Emily is a burden on them when it says â€Å"Alive, Miss Emily has been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris†¦remits her taxes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 377). If Colonel Sartoris had not given Emily the privilege of not paying her taxes, they would not have the problem of the rest of the town being jealous of that privilege. Emily becomes accustomed to not having to pay taxes, which is a right legally granted to her. When asked if she received a notice to pay her taxes, she replies â€Å"I received a paper, yes. Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff†¦I have no taxes in Jefferson.† (Faulkner 378) Then the Board of Aldermen says â€Å"But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see. We must go by the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 378). It is the town’s own fault for not having proper records of who has to pay taxes and who does not have to pay them. The whole problem of Emily not paying her taxes is put on her by the town and then made worse by the town when they try to change their mind on Emily’s tax status. The next thing that the town does to cause Emily’s problems is to pry into her personal life and try to change it. The town says, â€Å"At last they could pity Miss Emily. Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized.† (Faulkner 379) Her being inhuman is a matter of their thought, not hers. Then they say â€Å"Poor Emily† (Faulkner 380) when she starts being seen with Homer Barron and they think she might marry him. The town should have no reason to pity her, as she seems to be in love with a good man. They don’t like the man because he is a northerner, which is another problem altogether for the town. The town then begins to think it is wrong for Emily to be seen with Homer, as they say â€Å"Then some of the ladies began to say it is a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people† (Faulkner 381). So the town forces its will upon their minister who goes to talk with Emily. The town says â€Å"He would never div ulge what happened during that interview, but he refuses to go back again† (Faulkner 381). Once again the town tries to force its ideas upon Emily. The people of the town should just let her live her life the way she sees fit. The other source of Emily’s problems is her family. Her father chases away any men that came to try to court Miss Emily. The town says, â€Å"We remember all the young men her father had driven away†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 379). They also say â€Å"The people in our town†¦believe that the Griersons hold themselves a little too high for what they really are† (Faulkner 379). The town forms its opinion of Emily from how it sees her family. Then the town says of her cousins â€Å"We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been† (Faulkner 381). The town is once again assuming that Emily is like her family, when they don’t even know her. Had Emily not been born to the Grierson family, she probably would have a much more normal lifestyle. Emily’s problems come from the town and the precedents her family has set. Emily is only acting the way she thinks everyone expects her to act. â€Å"[Faulkner wishes] to force the reader to look behind the words to the hidden, more profound meaning that is nowhere expressly embodied in the writing† writes Claude-Edmonde Magny (144). In society today children of the poor are often seen as growing up to be poor, and therefore many of them do. Treating them in this way only contributes to their demise, just as treating Emily the way the town and her family do contributes to hers. Faulkner is saying in his subtle way that society should open its mind. Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Fictions. Eds. Joseph F. Trimmer and C. Wade Jennings. 3rd ed. Orlando: Harcourt Brace, 1994. Magny, Claude-Edmonde. â€Å"Faulkner, or Theological Inversion†. Contemporary Literary Criticism 18 (1981): 143-145. Research Papers on More than a Rose - English Literature EssayWhere Wild and West Meet19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Alternative managmentb of hypertensive patient among the lower economic class

Alternative managmentb of hypertensive patient among the lower economic class Hypertensive patients of the lower economic class prefers non-conventional methods of managing blood pressure levels. Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases worldwide affecting up to 800 million (or 20%) of the worlds adult population. It is estimated to cause 4.5% of the current global disease burden and is often as prevalent in many developing countries. Health seeking and utilization of health care services for hypertension in developing countries is often a complex issue, since people often seek care from multiple sources outside the formal orthodox health care system. Empirical studies of preventive and curative service have often found that the use of health care services in general is related to availability, quality and cost of services as well as to social structure, health beliefs and personal characteristics of the user. Traditional medicine (TM) is an important and often underestimated part of health services. In some countries, traditional medicine or non-conventional medicine may be termed complementary medicine (CM). TM has a long history of use in health maintenance and in disease prevention and treatment particularly for chronic disease. The frequency of utilization of CAM is increasing worldwide, and is well documented in both African and other global populations to be between 20 80%. Traditional health practitioners often play a major role in health care in many countries. For example, the reported use of herbal medicine (a form of CAM) in the general population from different parts of the world varies, with figures like 40% in the United States, 38.5% among the Indian community of Chatsworth in South Africa and 48.5% in Australia. Complementary and alternative medicine examples are herbs and garlic which can be included in the non conventional methods for hypertensive patients in the lower economic class. The purpose of this paper is to answer the following questions: What non conventional methods can be used by the lower economic class people to manage hypertension? What health organization acknowledges these methods? Is there a significant decrease in the blood pressure of lower economic class patients who follow the non conventional methods?

Electoral College Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Electoral College Reform - Research Paper Example The Electoral College is the system used in the United States to elect its presidents. Generally, an electoral college refers to a set of electors with the mandate to elect a candidate to an office. Members of an Electoral College represent various interest groups or organizations with their votes weighted in specific ways. In countries where electoral colleges are used, the wishes of the general membership of a country or an entity is often ignored since the members of an electoral college are not only regarded as important but also as of the ideal wisdom needed to make better choices than the larger population. Though dating back to the historical times, there are several cases of modern electoral colleges in countries with complex regional electorates, which prefer Electoral College elections to the rather direct popular elections. The United States is perhaps the only modern state in which presidents are elected indirectly through the Electoral College system. In the U.S., the el ectors in the Electoral College represent the 50 states and the federal district of Columbia. However, each state is accorded electors corresponding to its total congressional representation in both houses. In addition to these electors, the non-state District of Columbia has three electors. In the U.S where the law requires one to marshal 270 electoral votes to win the presidency, the Electoral College generally votes for whichever contender wins the popular vote in each state (Bugh 67). This paper explores the reform needs in the Electoral College system used in U.S presidential election. Although cases of conflict with the popular vote are rather rare, having been reported only three times in over 200 years, the Electoral College system has been deemed as requiring reforms despite its being a time-honored system because of its likelihood to conflict with popular vote. Electoral College Reform Proposals Several proposals or reform options have been suggested regarding the need to reform the Electoral College in the U.S. First, the Electoral College could be reformed by altering the organization of the states in the U.S. That is, the territory should be re-divided into equally sized 50 bodies with roughly equal populations. An advantage of this proposal is that it would end the over-representation of small states and the under-representation of big states in U.S presidential and senate voting. Further, this proposal will not do away with the Electoral College; rather, it will preserve and ensure the continued existence of the unique federal system and the Electoral College (Bugh 67). In addition, there will still be a balance of authority among different government levels. What is more, the states should be re-districted after every census. However, there are several challenges and disadvantages associated with these proposals. For instance, local authorities and residents would have to deal with the shifting state procedures and laws. The other reform option s for the Electoral College system in the U.S include direct election followed by instant runoffs, proportional allocation of electoral votes, and direct vote with plurality rule, congressional district method, and national bonus plan (Ross & Will 165). Direct Election with Runoff With or without the Electoral College, instant runoff voting is a highly recommended approach to elections in the U.S. In this system, voters would be required to rank their preferred candidates so that in case no candidate emerges a clear winner and whoever has the lowest number of votes is automatically eliminated. Counting begins again during which second choice votes, which indicate the eliminated candidate as first choice are tallied. This process continues until a candidate with majority votes emerges. This system has the advantage of reducing time and resource wastages. The hallmark of most of the proposed replacements of the Electoral Col

Moderen addictions, especially develop the potential dangerous of Essay

Moderen addictions, especially develop the potential dangerous of video and internet games - Essay Example question also remains whether there are similarities between traditional and modern addictions to gain such acceptance as a disorder by mental health community. It is found that both traditional addiction and modern addictions like internet addiction has four main factors: withdrawal, excessive use, negative repercussions and tolerance (Dillon, E. 2008). Substances such as alcohol, drugs and tobacco are abused by people for a number of complicated reasons and it is evident that our society has to pay a significant cost for these addictions. The extent of addiction is visible in the emergency departments of hospitals and rehabilitation centers that treat direct health damage caused by substance abuse and the related physical trauma. Another negative outcome of substance abuse is drug dependence and associated crime that end up a number of individuals in prisons and jails. Though the use of drugs like cocaine has decreased, the use of ‘club drugs’ and heroin has considerably increased among drug abusers. The task of preventing substance abuse and imparting an effective treatment has remained a difficult process. Various researches has resulted in a better understanding of substance abuse behavior and reveals that drug education to prevent abuse among adolescents and children provides the best opportunity to curb the addiction nationally. A National Household Survey in 1996 estimated the use of illicit drug users in the United States at 13 million. The survey concluded that around 10 percent Americans abuse substances or is addicted to alcohol while 25 percent of the population smokes cigarettes. The substances that are abused produce different types of intoxication in a person that alters perception, judgment, physical control or attention. Many substances can result in withdrawal caused by the reduction in the quantity of the substance or cessation of substance use. The symptoms of withdrawal are hallucinations and ranges from slight anxiety to seizures. The

Value of Common Sense Essay Example for Free

Value of Common Sense Essay Common sense, a mere adaptation on ones way of thinking and acting. It is described as the knowledge and judgment that most people already have or should have. Many people generalise certain acts as an inconsideration for common sense. In my short period of existence, I can certainly say that the practice of this concept can only be perceived as anything but common, more like rare or occasional. Common sense has no form of value that would allow it to contribute to your qualifications or even towards your online dating profile. One thing is certain, it has a long term effect on your quality of life and the safety of those around you. The lack of common sense should be considered a disease which i even suffer from at times. One of the symptoms I usually experience is excruciating pain. Let’s just say I was very sick, this past holidays. I went ice skating with friends and family and it wasn’t my first time. Once we had our skates on, we wandered like a group of penguins until we reached the ice. So we skated around and around which seemed like a continuous, unbroken cycle until i decided to do something unexpected. I glared down at my boot and noticed that a strap had come loose. I should mention that I was still moving and pretty fast too. leaned over and tried to clip it in place, a mission nobody else would pursue and i soon found out why. As i had fastened the strap, I felt my legs wobble uncontrollably. Before I knew it, I was swimming on ice. What i learned from that experience is that you should never grab a person as an attempt to pull yourself up from the ice. it will only become worse. If u dislike embarrassment and feelings of regret, the way I do. Then you should be able to detect the value of common sense as depicted in this story. Not all scenarios measure common sense with the same amount of importance. The outcome differs and in the next story, it has quite a lot of weight and consequences. I was with my uncle at a harbor, where we went to buy fish. We met this one guy who had a small stall and was selling fresh fish, he had just caught. We bought a few and thought that we should conversate to pass the time. The fisherman told us about himself and his job out on sea. I noticed that he had quite a large number of fish on sale. I then asked him how long it took him to catch them. He replied, ’oh, not too long, just a few hours†. While in amazement, my uncle said,’ why don’t you stay out longer, that way you can catch more fish? The fisherman explained that what he had caught was sufficient enough to support his family because he dedicated his existence to them. He said that he spent the rest of his time with his wife, children and friends. My uncle reflected before saying, â€Å"here’s what you should do, stay out longer so that you can catch more fish. Then you can sell the extra fish and use that money towards buying a bigger boat. Thereafter, you would three, even four boats until you possess a small fleet. Employ some workers and sell to larger businesses. The fisherman was stunned and mumbled out, â€Å"what about my family? I jumped in and said that they would have a better life, filled with opportunity and realistic dreams. We walked away in silence, leaving the man to contemplate deeply into the distance. In this story, the wealth in ones life, happiness of a family and self-accomplishment rest on common sense. Education brings about maturity and sophistication, but does not enforce your ability to display common sense. It is seen as a gift from birth which brings about simplicity and ease rather than unnecessary complication and discomfort. so just remember, if you do something stupid, you probably didn’t use your common sense.

Adapting to Our Environment or Harming It? :: Comparison Compare Comparative Essays

Adapting to Our Environment or Harming It? I went to do my Thanksgiving shopping on Monday. I figured that if I bought the turkey, turkey stuffing, and pumpkin pie at the beginning of the week, I would avoid the long lines that build up in supermarkets the day before Thanksgiving, while not having to freeze and unfreeze the turkey. I was in aisle 4, trying to decide whether my family would prefer microwaveable Stove Top stuffing or the kind you actually insert into the turkey’s insides when I remembered that I also had to get canned cranberry sauce†¦ my favorite! I quickly grabbed the Stove Top and headed to another aisle when, right next to the coconut milk, eagerly waiting for me to notice them, were six cans of tamarind nectar. I just had to grab the 12-ounce cans to read the words: â€Å"Excellent source of Vitamin C!† It is amazing how I had never noticed the tamarind nectar cans, yet every time I go to the supermarket I see the coconut milk. I know that if Dr. Graham had never pointed out the Tamar ind tree in class, the tamarind nectar cans would have never popped out at me. My mind wandered off to last Friday, when I stuffed an unripe tamarind seed in my mouth. It tasted like hard lime candy and I did not like it. How easy it is, I wondered, to go to a supermarket where everything is ripe and ready for you to buy! Even the water comes pre-packaged in attractive bottles. Living on a mangrove island in the Ten-Thousand Islands must have been frustrating. The water had to be collected, drop by drop, in a high-maintenance cistern, the fruit and vegetables had to be gathered after they had taken their time to get ripe, even the sugar had to be grown in canes, collected, and then made into syrup: it did not come in convenient 1-lb or 5-lbs bags. Just imagine how labor intensive a meal such as the one in Thanksgiving would have been! I can just imagine Mister Watson working the land where the sugar cane is growing, while Netta scrapes the salt off the Black Mangrove leaves to flavor the mashed potatoes, and the Frenchman gathers some Agave plants to make te quila. Meanwhile, turkeys brought from Key West are running wild, waiting for their death in a few months.

Look at George and Lennie’s dream Essay

Look at George and Lennie’s dream. Do you think that the dream had any chance of coming true? What made it likely that the dream would fail? From the very beginning ‘Of Mice and Men’, George and Lennie have their hopes set on ‘the dream’. They dream about getting a ranch together in the country. Lennie gets extremely fascinated and excited, as soon as animals are mentioned. He has learnt his trigger speech, word-for-word. He talks about all of the animals he will care for, and how he will feed them: â€Å"†¦a place for alfalfa, an’ that alfalfa is for the rabbits, an’ I take the sack and get it all fulla alfalfa and then I take it to the rabbits†. Lennie is so enthralled, and has thought and talked about the dream so much, that his speech was perfect, and was automatic as soon as he heard any mention of a dream or the animals, especially rabbits. The dream would likely fail, as the story received the title from an earlier poem by Robert Burns, â€Å"The Best Laid Plans Of Mice and Men†. This title portrays the idea, that no matter how planned an idea or a dream is, the outcome, sometimes tragic or not what we expect, has already been decided. John Steinbeck wrote the story in 1937. The story is centred in a place called Salinas. We know this, since the Salinas River is mentioned in the first line of the story. George Milton, described as a â€Å"smart little guy† by Slim, later demonstrates that intelligence without other values is worth nothing. Steinbeck made George in this way, to portray the idea that in almost all walks of life, there will always be natural leaders, and that people emerging with authority, will be an imminent action. Lennie is described as †jes’ like a kid†. Lennie may be child-minded, but is clearly observed as being â€Å"so strong†. He is simple-minded, and is unable to control his own body and strength. This explains why he is unable to understand why the animals he possesses, all die. His strength overpowers their fragility. There is a perfect description of the two men: â€Å"Both men were dressed in denim trousers, and in denim coats with brass buttons. Both wore black, shapeless hats and both carried tight blanket rolls slung over their shoulders†. George and Lennie are identically dressed. This portrays the ‘id’ and the ‘ego’ theme behind the novel. Although they are a perfect carbon copy of each other, stronger impact is created as we see the personality differences between the two, become more prominent as the story progresses. Lennie contains the ‘id’, also known as the desire, to do what he wants to do. George is different, as he contains the ‘id’ and ‘ego’ personality. He has the knowledge, the ego, to know whether his id is right or wrong. At the start of the novel, the two men are in a place called Weed. They are forced to leave there, when they are being hunted down. This is because Lennie had clutched the dress of a girl, and would cease to let go. The girl shouted rape, and so if they were to live, they must leave, and seek life in another location. Lennie was more enthralled and fascinated at listening to George tell him about the dream, and what they would own and how they would do things, rather than actually thinking about all of the things happening in reality. He knew what the dream was exactly, but he was more excited, when George told him: â€Å"Why’n’t you do it yourself. You know all of it. / No †¦ you tell it. It ain’t the same if I tell it. Go on †¦ George. How I get to tend the rabbits†. The story in the novel is based around the ‘American Dream’. That is the dream in which every man could strive for in the great country. The dream of all the ranch-hands was stability and eventually a place of their own. This place offered a hand of friendship and companionship, that Candy and Crooks along with George and Lennie all craved. The dream offered security, and equality, as well as an end to social injustice. This for some, was impossible to attain. For George and Lennie, the dream could be seen as ‘wishful thinking’. The dream is simply wanting to re-create happier times as a child, when George said they would have pigeons: â€Å"An’ we’d keep a few pigeons to go flyin’ around the win’mill like they done when I was a kid†. He wants to keep the good memories from his childhood alive, by re-enacting them. They also dream of paradise, with lots of different foods. They will either eat the animals they raise, or will hunt for their food: â€Å"†¦an’ when we kill a pig we can smoke the bacon and the hams, and make sausage an’ all like that. An’ when the salmon run up river we could catch a hundred of them. We could have them for breakfast†. They also thought about the authority and the power that they would now have, instead of having to confirm to the power of others: â€Å"If we don’t like a guy we can say: ‘Get the hell out,’ and by God he’s got to do it†. For once in their lives, they would be able to appreciate the needs of human beings. They would have their own home, and friends could stay: â€Å"An’ if a fren’ come along, why we’d have an extra bunk, an’ we’d say ‘Why don’t you spen’ the night,’ an’ by God he would†. Lennie talks about the dream in front of Candy, and Candy becomes very interested. Candy is old, and lonely. He is lonely as his dog, which suffered from rheumatism and old age was laid to rest, and Candy wishes the same of him, as he feels exactly the same, as his dog must have felt. He lost his hand on the ranch, and so he was given the job of swamping. Candy was given two hundred and fifty dollars for his injury, and the money may actually bring George and Lennie’s dream as close to reality as it has been so far. â€Å"An’ they give me two hundred an’ fifty dollars ’cause I los’ my hand. An’ I got fifty more saved up right in the bank, right now†. Candy is prepared to offer up the money, but he makes it perfectly clear that he wouldn’t ‘own’ the ranch, just because he had the highest stake. He is quite prepared to live away from that ranch, he has spent so long at.

Cultural Diversity College Essay Essay

1. The University of Washington seeks to create a community of students richly diverse in cultural backgrounds, experiences, and viewpoints. How would you contribute to this community?-University of Washington, Seattle I, a culturally influenced young woman, have not only one, but two influential ways to contribute to your diverse university. As a Jewish Caucasian girl, I am here to throw stereotypical beliefs down the drain towards any culture. I am a blonde, blue eyed, 18 year old who not only grew up orthodox, but also has a half Christian family. I do not have a dozen brothers and sisters, an abnormally large nose, or for that matter, any money to spare whatsoever. I grew up with married parents, and when divorced, lived with my father. Our family was never â€Å"well off† or capable of buying anything and everything. I spent the majority of my life in an apartment living with a single parent. As for all that money society said we had; let’s just say there were times we were lucky to have money for groceries that week. People expect snotty Asians, Muslims with terrorist intent, uneducated Latinos, and gang associated African Americans. It isn’t easy to read that much less write it. Unfortunately, we know that much of the world is still like this. But I’m writing this to tell you I am not th e world. I come from a culturally diverse family whom in the past, have even been at war. There is my mother’s side, where missing Sunday church was not an option; and my father’s side, the conservative yet non-orthodox classic Jewish background. Although my mother converted to Orthodox Judaism before my time, her family remained faithful Christians unable to understand her withdraw. I grew up an orthodox Jew, covered from head to toe, eating only what the Old Testament allowed me to. Growing with age, I grew out of my orthodox upbringing, realizing that my draw towards Judaism didn’t come from praying and unreasonable rules, but the Jewish traditions and values I grew up with. While I celebrate Hanukah with my father’s family, I equally enjoy Christmas time with my mother’s family. I get to learn both stories, both views, and the different values contributing to both religions. And during these annual holidays of rejoice and tradition, I have gained a respect for both. Because of my background, familial influences, and how I chose to embrace my religion, I am capable of respecting others with different views, and even learning from them. When one person is capable of this, I believe it is contagious to other people from different backgrounds. Thus, gaining more worldwide respect, more acceptance, and more closure from taking in various values that many religions, or different views, have to offer. Because of my culturally influenced upbringing, the opportunity to choose my stance on religion, and my non stereotypical Jewish background, I can contribute to every community. I have respect for other people’s views, encouraging them to have respect for mine and others. I don’t stereotype people based on their culture because I know first-hand this isn’t always the case. I can be a contagious positive attribute to your community.

Racism in the Penitentiary

Racism in the Penitentiary Introduction Racism in America has been a topic of discussion for a long time in the view of the fact that the country hosts people of different races. It occurs every where; in hospitals, learning institutions, prisons, and in social institutions, to name just a few. In the same country, there are a lot of people who have been put in prison as studies of Quigley( par. 3) explain that around 2.4 million American citizens have been imprisoned excluding the number which is held under probation and parole, who are over five million. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racism in the Penitentiary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most surprisingly, further studies indicate that despite the fact that racial minorities like the blacks and Latinos are less than a quarter of the total population, they comprise around sixty percent of the total prisoners. Therefore, it is clear that racism and racial inequality has not be en eradicated but has taken a different form. According to Quigley (par 4.), racial disparity in the juvenile justice system is also paramount. It is quite explicit that racism in American prisons is a real phenomenon. With that background in mind, this paper shall discuss more about the same problem and narrow down to root causes, history and explore the reason why it takes place as well as its impacts and consequences. Factors Contributing to Racism in Prison There are many factors that contribute to racism in prison and in most cases; the same contribute to racism in the free society. For instance, superiority complex contributes to racism not only in prison and other penitentiary institutions, but also in the free society (Bhavnani, Mirza and Meetoo pp. 42). The feeling of whites as the most superior race has persisted for a long time and the same is also present in prison facilities. Since racism is also a problem of the prison officials, whites are treated better than the ot her racial minorities especially if the official happens to be a white. The nature of prison life is also a causative factor to the racism in such institutions. There are many gang activities in prison formed by the prisoners and more often than not, each gang contains members of a similar race. Given that gangs are involved in violence, prisoners are forced to join a particular gang of their race in order to be protected from the criminal activities of the other gangs. Therefore, it is clear that the existence of various gangs in prison is an important factor attributing to racism. It is amazing but also true that some racists groups in the free society contribute greatly to the racism in prisons. Such groups incite criminals of their race by influencing them to establish racism groups in prison. A t times, they send some information and literature to them either in books or tapes to help them spread racism ideologies among the prisoners. Prisoners hailing from the racism groups ar e treated as heroes and often do appear in publications that spread racism ideologies (Quigley par 4).Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Root Cause of Prison Racism in America Laws in the American constitution have contributed greatly to racism in American institutions, prison facilities included. For example, the 13th Amendment of the American constitution created a loophole which helped to influence racism in prisons as it stated, â€Å"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, expect as a punishment for crime†¦. Shall exist within United States† (Truax par. 4). Although several states continued to revise such laws, new laws which were formed continued to contribute to racism in prison. Immediately after the abolishment of slave trade, slaves continued to be imprisoned after committing crimes such as refusing to work, insulting the workers and even handling money carelessly. Slavery codes were changed to black codes and since they allowed blacks to be imprisoned after committing petty offences, the same can be viewed as the root cause of racism in prison. Having discussed the causes of racism in prison it is important to explorer on its history which also helps explain the root cause. History of Racism in United States Prison racism in United States has been in existence for a long a time; since the era of slave trade although blacks were rarely imprisoned as they were more valuable while working in the plantations. However, there were local jails and other facilities which used to control and limit the freedom of the blacks. The number of the blacks in prison increased following the end of the civil war and after the abolishment of slave trade. Studies of Acoli (par. 5) indicate that once blacks were arrested even for the very minor and petty crimes, they were sentenced more harshly, compared to their white counter parts. Further studies indicate that immediately after the civil war, the percentage of the black citizens increased to thirty three percent. The trend continued during the cold war era. Racism was not only being exercised by the prisoners but also by the prison guards bent on the fact that most of the guards were whites. Black prisoners were not only mistreated, but they were also deprived some of the important social amenities that are necessary even to a prisoner. Prison life in America was a reflection of the life in the free society. During the civil rights era, life in prison was segregated and the same condition was present in the society. White prisoners and the prisoners from other races were treated differently. While the whites were allowed to be clerks, electrician and other good jobs, black prisoners were given the lowest jobs like garbage disposal, working in the farms and washing clothes. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Racism in t he Penitentiary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, blacks were segregated in all other places in the prison life. For example, they were supposed to live in their known separate cells and the same segregation existed even recreation facilities such that black prisoner used to stay at the back while the white prisoners occupied the from seats. Nevertheless, civil rights movements which were upcoming during the same era influenced the prisoners to contest gains racial discrimination which was taking place. Consequently, there was lot of violence in prison because the white prisoners and administrators were resisting any change. On the other hand, black prisoners were not ready to take anything less than equal rights and abolishment of discrimination (Acoli par. 8). Although there was some improvement, prison racism was not abolished completely since the same problem is still present even in the twenty first century. The Nature and the Effects of Prison Racism United States has the highest number of people in prison at any given time than any other country in the world. The most amazing issue is the fact that majority are racial minorities. The problem is evident in the whole process of criminal justice system starting from the arrest up to the sentencing and provision of various services like probation and parole. Of all other Americans who have been sentenced death, forty two percent are African Americans. Similarly, African Americans women are imprisoned in higher rates than the white women, actually four times more. In addition, African Americans receive harsher jail terms compared to their white counterparts Fisher (par. 5) Collins (pp. 42). The problem of prison racism in America starts even before any arrest has been made. For example people, of color are targeted by the police more than the whites. In the transport sector, blacks and other racial minorities are more likely to be stopped and searched by the police more than the whites. Apart from being the target, people of color are also arrested at higher rates than the whites even though they commit the same offences. During trial, studies which have been conducted indicate that the natives are more likely to be sentenced to prison. For instance, in a place like Montana, studies of Political Research Associates (pp. 2) indicate that American Indians account for around 16% of the total prisoners even if they are only 6% of the total population in the region. Similarly, the same case also applies to blacks, Hispanics and other racial minorities in the region. Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the drugs laws present in the criminal justice system are also an indicator of how racism is propagated. For example, while focusing on drug laws, a person is jailed for eight to ten years if found in possession of crack cocaine of fifty grams and for twenty one to twenty seven months while found in possession of powder cocaine. The main point of interest is based on the fact that powder cocaine is mostly used by the whites while the crack is used by the Latinos and the black population due to difference in cost. Therefore, the blacks and the Latinos end up suffering more than the whites although the two types of cocaine are the same (Truax par. 2). Effects of Racism in Prison The impact of racism in prison cannot be underestimated at any given time. There are many consequences but the financial cost stands out. As highlighted in the introductory part, racism leads to violence especially caused by prison racist gangs. Consequently, the prison healthcare system incurs a lot of expenses while treating the inmates injured during the violence. Any form of violence leads to great loss not only on property but also on people’s lives. Prison is supposed to be a rehabilitative center where behavior of people is reformed. Racism thus interferes with the function of the institution for it is possible for people to leave it even worse than they were before. Moreover, once released, prisoners find it hard to relate with the members of the society due to the effects of racism and the same affects their productivity. Conclusion Racism in prison is as real as it is in the free society. It is characterized by segregation, discrimination and violence, to name just a few. In addition, racial minorities are disproportionably represented in most local, state and federal jails (Cole and Smith pp. 91). While there may be many causes of the same, white superiority contributes greatly to prison racism. However, the root cause of the problem can be traced back in the nineteenth century after the abolishment of slave trade. Therefore, the problem has existed for over a hundred years and recent statistics indicate that it is still paramount. In the view of the fact that there are many negative impacts related to prison racism , the concerned parties and stakeholders in the criminal justice system ought to find the root cause of the problem to be able to come up with lasting solutions. Acoli, Sundiata. A Brief History of the New Afrikan Prison Struggle. 1992. Web. Bhavnani, Reena, Heidi Safia Mirza and Veena Meetoo. Tackling the roots of racism: lessons for success. Bristol: The Policy Press, 2005. Print. Cole, George F. and Christopher E. Smith. The American System of Criminal Justice. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Collins, Catherine Fisher. The imprisonment of African American women: causes, conditions, and future implications. Jefferson: McFarland, 1997. Print. Fisher, William. U.S. Overflowing Prisons Spur Call for Reform Commissio n. 2010. Web. Political Research Associates. How is the Criminal Justice System Racist? 2005. Web. Quigley, Bill. Rampant Racism in the Criminal Justice System. 2010. Web. Truax, Jenny. The U.S. System of Punishment: an expanding balloon of wealth, racism and greed. 2010. Web.

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IS AN ABORTION EVER JUSTIFIABLE - Essay Example According to medical experts, in many critical cases of pregnancy, abortion is necessary for saving the life of mother. Various medical complications like, heart failure, infections, very high blood pressure, and cases of preeclampsia lead to the only option of abortion to save the life of mother (Painter). Besides, in the critical situations, where women is raped, or mother is incapable to raise the child, or fetus is diagnosed with abnormal development and unlikely to survive, abortion is always justifiable. Various studies have proved that when the right for abortion is denied and women are forced to carry the pregnancy against their will, it has led to drastic negative impacts on both, child and mother (Newitz). Children born from unintended pregnancy often suffer from physical and physiological abuse and social neglect. It has also found that such children are more prone to crimes, aggrieves nature, depression, suicidal behavior, substance abuse, and various addictions, creating violent and unstable society (Hardin; Hoffman and Maynard 321-370). Each woman has right to freedom and to choose whether she wants to bear a child or not. Denial of right to freedom is violation of human rights and morally unacceptable (â€Å"Ethics Statement†). If a child is not guaranteed healthy environment, basic needs, and essential affection and care, abortion is morally justifiable to prevent him from sufferings of physiological disorders, physical abuse, poverty, addiction and getting expose to violence and crimes. Despite a lot of criticism and oppose of anti-abortionists, one can’t deny a fact that abortion is justifiable in various medical cases. It is also acceptable in cases where mother is not ready to carry the pregnancy, in rape cases, and in cases where child is likely suffer from physical or mental disability and mother is not willing to carry the